Human Animal Hybrids

[00:00:00] We have always been fascinated with the idea of our species gaining the traits and strengths of other animals. From the ancient myths of the Midotaur and Centaurs to the controversial scientific experiments of the 20th century,

[00:00:13] the quest to merge human and animal characteristics has captivated our imagination and driven us to explore the boundaries of biology. Today on Historical Quarrels we dive into the stories of human-animal hybrids from the legends of Greek mythology

[00:00:27] to the daring experiments of Ilya Ivanov and the Soviet Union in the cutting-edge research of modern science. Join us as we unravel the ethical dilemmas, the scientific pursuits and the timeless human curiosity that have fueled these extraordinary endeavors. Stay tuned because history is about to get wild.

[00:01:01] Welcome back to Historical Quarrels. I'm your host Tyler Eckhardt. I'm super happy to be back this week with a full episode. Sorry again about last week just needing to take some extra time there and just wanted to do at least something for you and have a short story.

[00:01:17] Today we're going to go over the full extent of everything that I had researched and prepped essentially for last week, but this time with a bit more.

[00:01:29] So today we'll be going over the history of humanity's fascination with human-animal hybrids and essentially what is the journey to humans trying to gain those traits,

[00:01:45] trying to actually make some of those myths into reality or times where humans have thought that that was actually possible just by interbreeding. And a couple different stories there, just some interesting, just an interesting collection of stories essentially about that today.

[00:02:04] So we'll be going over that and then next week we'll kind of be going back into the regular episodes again, the regular routine of just picking a subject

[00:02:15] and really deep diving into like either a quarrel or a battle. Again, this is more or less just humanity's quarrel with nature trying to make nature do what it wants.

[00:02:30] That being said, I don't have a lot of announcements for today, so let's go ahead and just dive right into it, shall we? You are listening to Historical Quarrels. The pursuit of human-animal hybridiz...hybridiz...hybridiz...hybridizazate...oh my god. Hybridization...hybridization, god damn it.

[00:02:57] You know, fuck it, we're just gonna go with it. Has been driven by a mix of scientific curiosity, potential medical advancements and philosophical questions about the nature of humanity.

[00:03:05] Early 20th century experiments such as those by Soviet biologist Ilya Ivanov aimed to explore the genetic and evolutionary connections between humans and primates by attempting to create human-chimpanzee hybrids, also known as human-zees, as the title of this episode would have alerted you to.

[00:03:23] This research was partially motivated by a desire to validate evolutionary theories and push the boundaries of biological science, also to make maybe a certain Russian dictator a little happy by having super soldiers. Yeah, that could have...would have also been part of the desire, the push there.

[00:03:42] In recent decades, the focus has shifted toward practical medical applications. Scientists hope to create chimeras, animals with human cells, to address organ shortages for transplantation.

[00:03:56] By growing human-compatible organs in animals like pigs or monkeys, researchers aim to provide a renewable source of organs that are less likely to be rejected by the human immune system.

[00:04:05] Which is good for me because I have something called a bicuspid aortic valve disease. My options are when I turn a certain age, is I get open-heart surgery and to either wait for a donor somehow to get my valve replaced or you know, I could probably just live out most of my life and be fine as long as I like work out and run every day, which I'm finding harder and harder to do and need to do it though.

[00:04:29] So I'm going to fucking do it. Or you get like this, they have these like little plastic, imagine like a cap essentially for like your heart valve and it goes on and it functions like like a regular aortic valve should and it'd have three flaps instead of like the two flaps going.

[00:04:48] So I am also kind of for this growing human compatible organs and pigs and monkeys because for me personally, I have some stake in the game. Right? You know, other people can see that too much is like playing God or acting like God. But I mean, not really. It's just science man.

[00:05:06] Just trying to make things easier for people that have disabilities or defects, you know, trying to fix it. These efforts also contribute to a better understanding of developmental biology and genetic engineering.

[00:05:22] However, these scientific pursuits are definitely fraught with ethical dilemmas, including concerns about the welfare of the animals used in experiments and the moral implications of creating beings that blur the line between species.

[00:05:34] And I understand concerns about the welfare of animals and everything, but same time, man's you need to test some shit out on living things. And I prefer that we do that on animals as opposed to just humans and risking human life over like an animal life.

[00:05:54] Most of the time, the animals are going to die and just as gruesome and horrifying death anyways out in the wild like a deer, a deer on the wild is definitely going to get like caught either by a bear or a wolf or some mountain lion and essentially be tortured sometimes.

[00:06:10] Eating alive is, you know, not as great as just, well, I guess I'd say being eating alive and then being tortured by being experimented upon probably about equal pain in all honesty.

[00:06:24] So you're kind of at pick or choose there. But yeah, so those are some of the issues. Let's go ahead and get into our timeline now.

[00:06:36] So we're these kind of first started, we can go all the way back to, you know, we're talking like start a civilization right where humans were drawing cave paintings with humans with animal heads and everything's like that.

[00:06:51] But the real, the first time where there's been like a story put to it or like an idea of like a man and a animal being combined together would be essentially the Minotaur as far as like a story involved with it.

[00:07:07] The tale of the Minotaur is one of the most fascinating and enduring myths from ancient Greek mythology encapsulates the themes of hubris, punishment and heroism. According to the myth, the Minotaur was a creature with the body of a man at the head of a bull.

[00:07:22] This monstrous being was the offspring of Pasiphae, the wife of King Minos of Crete and a majestic bull sent by the god Poseidon. Poseidon being a furry obviously just wanted to watch his favorite bull fuck a human for some reason.

[00:07:39] It's kind of gross, but it is what it is. You know, gods be doing whatever gods want to be doing. You can't do shit about it right because it's the gods. The story begins with Minos praying to Poseidon for a sign to secure his rule over Crete.

[00:07:53] Poseidon sent a beautiful white bull from the sea which Minos was supposed to sacrifice to the god. However, enchanted by the bull's beauty, Minos kept it for himself and sacrificed another bull instead incurring Poseidon's wrath.

[00:08:08] And so in retaliation for not sacrificing the white bull, Poseidon was like, I'm make your wife fuck the bull. So he cursed Pasiphae to fall madly in love with the bull and consumed by her unnatural desire.

[00:08:25] As a result of this desire, Pasiphae sought the help of Daedalus, a skilled craftsman and inventor. Daedalus constructed a hollow wooden cow covered in real cowhide in which Pasiphae concealed herself to consummate her union with the bull. So she fucking catfished the bull to get laid by it.

[00:08:46] And the result of this union was the Minotaur, a hybrid creature that was neither fully human nor entirely beast. The monstrous nature of the Minotaur posed a significant problem for King Minos who was both ashamed and fearful of the creature.

[00:09:00] To contain it, Minos ordered Daedalus to construct an elaborate labyrinth beneath the palace in Nosos, a maze so complex that no one could escape it. The Minotaur was kept in the labyrinth and fed with human tributes sent from Athens.

[00:09:15] The tribute was a form of penance for the death of Minos, Minos's son, and Throdios who was killed in Athens under suspicious circumstances. Every nine years, seven young men and seven young women from Athens were sent to Crete to be devoured by the Minotaur.

[00:09:32] This gruesome cycle continued until the hero Theseus volunteered to be part of the tribute with the help of Ariadne. Oh my god, fucking Greek names. Ariadne, Minos's daughter who fell in love with him. Theseus managed to navigate the labyrinth.

[00:09:54] Ariadne provided him with a ball of thread which he used to mark his path inside the maze. Theseus ultimately confronted the Minotaur and killed it, bringing Athens from its horrific obligation. Ovid's Metamorphoses and other classical sources provide rich details of the myth.

[00:10:14] Ovid was a Roman poet and is one of the primary sources that document the story of the Minotaur and Theseus.

[00:10:21] His works are a blend of myth and literature providing not only just a recounting of the events but also exploring the psychological and emotional underpinnings of the characters involved.

[00:10:30] The labyrinth itself was a symbol of intricate and inescapable complexity that has fascinated historians and scholars that have tried to understand the deeper meaning of these stories. It is often interpreted as a metaphor for the human condition with the Minotaur representing the darker untamed aspects of human nature.

[00:10:51] A couple fun facts and less known aspects of the Minotaur myth include its influence on various cultural works throughout history. The story of the Minotaur has inspired countless adaptations in literature, art, and popular culture.

[00:11:03] For example, Jorge Luis Borges, an Argentinian writer, was particularly fascinated by labyrinths and frequently explored themes of infinite mazes and mythical creatures in his works.

[00:11:15] The Minotaur also appears in modern literature such as in Mery Reynolds' novel, The King Must Die, which retells the story of Theseus with a historical fiction approach.

[00:11:27] Additionally, archaeological discoveries in Crete, particularly at the Palace of Knossos, have revealed complex architectural structures that some speculate may have inspired the myth of the labyrinth. So, that aura was an actual labyrinth and some people are like, uh, was there some fucking bullheaded man thing?

[00:11:49] Which no, no, it's biologically impossible for a human and a animal to consummate and actually like make it.

[00:11:57] Well, they can, they can fuck. You can definitely fuck an animal, but you will not be able to breed out an animal, at least with anything that's not in the homo-native. Genius, genus. So not in that genus. You can't really make anything.

[00:12:15] It's theorized it may be possible with monkeys, with apes and with chimpanzees. But again, no, no success still there, even with the tests that we'll go over later on. Greece, Greece wasn't just obsessed with about fucking bulls, right?

[00:12:33] They, which is so funny since bulls is a bull is like a nickname for. Like if you're a cuck, you look for a bull to come fuck your wife, you know, and that's that's exactly what happened here. It should have been King Cuck instead of King Minos.

[00:12:49] But besides bulls. You know, they also wanted to fuck some horses and goats. And so we have the story of centaurs and satyrs. And these figures are deeply rooted in Greek mythology. They represented the untamed and wild aspects of nature.

[00:13:07] Centaurs are depicted as half human, half horse creatures, often embodying the struggle between civilization and barbarism. The most famous centaur, Chiron, is an exception to the generally wild and unruly nature of his kind. Unlike his brethren, Chiron is known for his wisdom and knowledge of medicine.

[00:13:24] And he serves as a mentor to several Greek heroes, including Achilles and Aslepius. The duality of centaurs highlights the Greek understanding of the human condition caught between reason and primal instincts.

[00:13:40] Again, more of like a commentary on human nature as a part of a part of humanity is still wild. But we've developed this like higher learning and higher thinking. And it's again, a lot of these stories are just commentaries on that on that idea.

[00:13:56] So centaurs, on the other hand, are part of the part human part goat, often depicted with the legs and ears and horns of a goat. They are companions of Dionysus, the god of wine, revelry and ecstasy, embodying the spirit of uninhibited pleasure and chaos.

[00:14:12] In the Greek mythology, centaurs are notorious for their lecherous behavior and love of music and dance. They love fucking. They often appear in Greek literature as symbols of fertility and the natural world's untamed aspects.

[00:14:24] In plays such as those by Euripides, centaurs provide comic relief and embody the festive unruly aspects of human nature, contrasting sharply with the more ordered society depicted in Greek tragedies. Homer's Iliad and Odyssey provide early references to centaurs portraying them as savage and unruly beings,

[00:14:43] often at odds with humans because humans were its main competition and main source of fucking. The centaurs. Just kidding. Now, the centaurs are again, this is where we get that they're wild and stuff. The centaurs most notable myth involves their battle with Lapiths, a Thessalian tribe.

[00:15:03] This conflict arose during the wedding of Pyrrhus, king of Lapthus, when the centaurs, intoxicated by wine, attempted to abduct the bride and other female guests. Again, to go fuck them. The ensuing battle known as the Centauromachy symbolizes the struggle between civilization and barbarism.

[00:15:24] This myth was a popular subject in ancient Greek art, illustrating the cultural tension between order and chaos. Euripides plays such a cyclops and incorporate satyrs as part of the chorus, blending elements of comedy and drama.

[00:15:37] The satyr play, a genre that combines the structure of tragedy with a chorus of satyrs, was a staple of Athenian festivals reflecting the duality of human nature, both noble and base.

[00:15:49] These plays often featured satyrs engaging in humorous antics, providing counterbalance to the serious themes of the accompanying tragedies. The satyrs association with Dionysus further underscores their connection to the themes of excess revelry and the breakdown of social norms.

[00:16:03] In all reality, when a kid or someone would die in one of those plays, they'd probably just come out with their ass hanging out. People would laugh at the satyr with his bare ass out. They'd be like, haha, that's hilarious.

[00:16:15] The satyrs association with Dionysus further underscores their connection to themes of excess revelry and the breakdown of social norms. The satyrs association with Dionysus further underscores their connection to the themes of excess revelry and the breakdown of social norms.

[00:16:27] They'd probably just come out with their ass hanging out. And people would laugh at the satyr with his bare ass out. They'd be like, haha, that's such a satyr thing to do. Man, that's hilarious. What was this about? Oh yeah, a kid died.

[00:16:41] Ah, but look at it. Look at him. Essentially like the clowns of the ancient Greek world. First person accounts from ancient Greek literature offer rich insights into the portrayal of these creatures. And the interactions of humans. Um, Ovid was super good about this.

[00:16:55] And, uh, there's a lot of influence still enduring from centaurs and satyrs appearing in our Western culture now. The character of Chiron appears modern literature and media such as Rick Riordan's Percy Jackson series, which I read as a kid. I love that series.

[00:17:16] I feel like it kind of fell off after, uh, I'll be honest after the end of the first five books. Or is it six books?

[00:17:24] After once they started introducing the Roman characters, like I kind of read the first like two of the Roman series or three of the Roman series. And then the first two or I think is it just two of the Egyptian series?

[00:17:36] I read that one. That one was okay. Then I just couldn't get into it after that. Like I have even attempted to. Well, they're also made for kids. So I probably just outgrew them by that point. Um, but yeah, so it's a good series.

[00:17:51] But again, Chiron here, he serves as a mentor to the young demigods. Satyrs were in that too. Satyrs, um, Satyr was the main friend of Percy Jackson Grover. He was using that book.

[00:18:04] And so the enduring popularity of these myths speak to their deep rooted appeal, reflecting timeless themes of human nature and the struggle between civilization. And wildness and the celebration of life's pleasures. Historians scholars have long studied the significance of centaurs and satyrs in this mythology.

[00:18:21] And according to historian Walter Burkitt, these creatures symbolize the great view of humanity's dual nature between reason and passion. Burkitt's analysis highlights the cultural and psychological significance of these myths showing how they encapsulate fundamental aspects of the human experience overall.

[00:18:37] Um, guy again, just read it, read arising that point. Um, and then kind of taking it back a little further going to Egyptian mythology. We have Anubis and Bastet. Um, they were two prominent deities and really all of the deities and in Egypt, right?

[00:18:55] They're all like human bodied with like animal heads for the most part. But Anubis, who is the god of modification and the afterlife is depicted with a human body and head of a jackal.

[00:19:07] His association with modification stems from his role in embalming and guiding souls to the afterlife.

[00:19:13] He's often depicted performed the weighing of the heart ceremony, which is a critical process in the journey to the afterlife where the heart is of the deceased is weighed against the feather of Ma'at. The goddess of truth and justice.

[00:19:25] And if the heart was lighter than the feather, the soul could proceed to the afterlife. If not, it was devoured by the monstrous omit thing like Cerberus essentially or maybe not Cerberus, but just a big old monster that eats your heart.

[00:19:43] I think it might actually be a crocodile or maybe a crocodile. I can't remember. Whatever. But Anubis's jackal head symbolizes his connection to ceremonies in the dead. In ancient Egypt, jackals were often seen around tombs likely due to their scavenging nature.

[00:20:03] And this association likely influenced Anubis role as a protector of graves. So the deities believed to ensure the safe passage souls protect the deceased from malevolent spirits in the Book of the Dead.

[00:20:16] Anubis is frequently invoked to aid the dead in their journey through the Duat, the Egyptian underworld. His presence in tomb paintings and funerary texts underscores his importance in Egyptian religious practices surrounding death and burial. Because death was a big deal in Egypt.

[00:20:31] It was one of the most important things you could do. And Bastet, the goddess of home fertility and domesticity, is depicted with a human body, the head of a lioness or a domestic cat. Initially Bastet was portrayed as a lioness, symbolizing her fearsome protective nature.

[00:20:49] And over time she became more commonly depicted as a domestic cat, reflecting her association with the home and family. Bastet embodies the dual aspects of nurturing motherhood and ferocity in protecting her offspring.

[00:21:01] She's also revered as a goddess of music, dance and joy, often depicted with a cistern, which was a musical instrument associated with celebration. She was the goddess of partying dudes. She liked to party hard.

[00:21:16] And the transformation from a lioness to a cat mirrors the evolving relationship between humans and animals in ancient Egyptian society. Cats were highly valued in Egypt for their ability to protect grain stores from vermin, and their presence in homes likely contributed to Bastet's association with domesticity and fertility.

[00:21:35] The city of Boubastis was the center of her worship, where an annual festival in her honor drew thousands of devotees. A bunch of cat lovers basically. I'm a big cat guy myself, so I kind of get it. You know, cats are cool, man. I really like cats.

[00:21:53] Not as much into dogs. Like some people are more into dogs and cats, but cats are just so much simpler, man. So much easier to take care of a cat.

[00:22:02] Legit, you clean out the litter box, you feed and water them and, you know, pet them when they want you to. Whereas a dog, you pick up the shit and everything, take them out, you have to take them out on walks.

[00:22:16] You have to ensure they're getting enough socialization. You have to make sure they're not going to piss all over your car, but you have to like teach them where to potty. A cat usually just comes like pre-programmed, knowing to go shit and dirt basically.

[00:22:31] And so as soon as you put out a litter box, it's like, oh yeah, that's where I want to shit anyway. So we're good. Whereas with a dog, it's like pre-programmed to shit everywhere. So, you know, big, big difference there.

[00:22:43] Anyways, Bastet's cults emphasize not only fertility and motherhood, but also the protection of the home from both physical and spiritual threats. There's a bunch of first person accounts from ancient texts and descriptions that provide a bunch of insights into the worship and significance of these deities.

[00:22:58] A bunch of tombs often invoking noobas for protection, while temple inscriptions and statues frequently depict Bastet and her nurturing aspect. The Greek historian Herodotus writing in the 5th century BCE described the grandeur of Bastet's festival at Bubastis,

[00:23:19] noting the joyous celebrations and the large number of pilgrims who participated in the festivities. I thought it was like 5th millennium for some reason, like 5000 BCE. But I was like, that's super wrong. But no, no, 5th century 500. That makes sense.

[00:23:38] Historians and Egyptologists have extensively studied Anubis and Bastet highlighting the roles in Egyptian religion and culture again. And there's a bunch of other gods as well, like Ra, all of their gods really. All of the gods had some sort of animal aspect to them.

[00:23:55] And the animal had significance. And again, for back back in the day, it was less about trying to embody like the strengths besides the Greeks.

[00:24:05] The Greeks were the main ones who are like, yeah, so centaurs have like the ability of reason like humans and the speed of a horse or the the madness of a bull. But the versatility of like a human body, I don't know.

[00:24:18] It's I do know it's fucking crazy, man. And they're kind of like the first ones to really try to intermarry or like have humans be bone and animals. The Greeks were all about that. You know, Zeus has a swan.

[00:24:33] Zeus has any animal basically fucking a bunch of different kings wives because he liked to cook kings in particular. That's just his favorite past time to do. He also liked to cook his wife, Hera.

[00:24:46] So and I know I didn't mention a lot of that, but I feel like that would be like a whole episode. It's just like Zeus Cucks. Maybe maybe that will be my next short episode is just a list of every time Zeus has cut someone.

[00:25:03] Comment below if you guys want me to do that. I'll make a make a whole video. I'll make a tier list even. Like, listen, when Zeus cucked and made Heracles, this was a tear because he didn't get away with it.

[00:25:20] I know different things when he made the easiest. I was asked here. Something like that. So again, for the Egyptians, a lot of it was just reverence and animals being symbolic of different aspects of their spiritual journey for Egypt.

[00:25:42] And again, the Greeks were a bit more grounded in reality. Well, I shouldn't say reality. They're less concerned about death and more concerned about making cool shit or thinking about like, oh, what if like humans and other things boned? So there we go. There we go.

[00:25:56] Now, here are the first real historical instances where people think human animals have interbred or people like made some sort of monstrosity. So we go to the first count. The first count that I could find was Gerald of Wales. He was also known as Geraldus Camparnassus.

[00:26:23] He was a medieval clergyman and chronicler who traveled extensively and documented his observation in various works. One of his most famous writings is Tapagraphia Hibernica. Nisa. Yeah, probably Hibernica is a detailed account of his travels in Ireland during the 12th century.

[00:26:46] The text provides a fascinating, albeit often sensationalized view of Irish society, culture and landscapes from the perspective of an outsider. Among the many vivid description and tales in Tapagraphia Hibernica, Gerald claims to have witnessed a disturbing and bizarre ritual involving bestiality.

[00:27:04] According to Gerald, during his travels in Ireland, he encountered a pagan ritual in which a man was observed having intercourse with a horse. Good old fashioned Irish horse fucking where the southerners got it from, you know,

[00:27:18] the ritual was purportedly part of a fertility rite intended to ensure the prosperity and fecundity of the land and its people. And Gerald's account is not only reflection of the superstitions and practices he attributed to the Irish,

[00:27:37] but also serves as a critique of what he perceived as the backward and uncivilized customs of the people he encountered. I don't get his point here. I have no idea what's so backward about, you know, good old horse fucking.

[00:27:49] I think it's perfectly normal and definitely, you know, fun activity to do. I think that, you know, if we went back to horse fucking out in public and during our rituals to invoke some Celtic god to bless our fields, we live in a much happier society.

[00:28:07] But, you know, we can't always get what we want. That's where I do my best to with all my pagan friends to ensure that they are fucking as many horses as they possibly can because I want centaurs. OK.

[00:28:22] Also forgot to add one of the true first accounts of human interbreeding to make to make a human animal hybrid would have been Alexander the Great's father. If you remember from that episode, his centaur breeding. Oh, man. I should have included that as my main sources for myself.

[00:28:51] I source myself as that's where I get my facts from. It's all in my head. OK. And his writings are filled with similar accounts that blend observation hearsay and moral judgment, making it challenging to discern fact from fiction. So we don't know if this is true or not.

[00:29:13] And if they were like it. And according to that, him, the ritual would have been to try and essentially make a centaur, a human horse hybrid and Gerald's writing provide a unique, though biased perspective on medieval Irish culture.

[00:29:30] You know, making the Irish seem to be backwards and weird fucking people. His accounts were meant to shock and intrigue his audience, composed mainly of the English and Welsh elite.

[00:29:42] The story of the man and the horse is prime example of how Gerald sought to portray the Irish as barbaric and in need of reform and civilization brought by the English.

[00:29:52] His depiction of such rituals was likely exaggerated or entirely fabricated to serve his narrative and the political objectives at the time, which aimed at justifying the English conquest and colonization of Ireland. So there's also that it probably honestly didn't happen.

[00:30:08] It's probably just more British propaganda to shit on the Irish because they love doing that. Right. And they still kind of love shitting on the Irish, not as much, but definitely, definitely still love doing that.

[00:30:19] And so historians view Gerald's accounts with the critical eye, acknowledging his contributions to medieval literature and ethnography while also recognizing his biases, according to historian Robert. But that.

[00:30:33] Gerald's works are invaluable for the detailed depictions of medieval life, but they must be read with an understanding of his agenda and the context in which he wrote.

[00:30:43] Orlet notes that Gerald often used hyperbole and moralistic tones to emphasize the otherness of the cultures he described, reflecting the ethnocentric attitudes of the era. As the British were the superior race, damn it.

[00:30:59] They like to think of themselves as superior to us horse fucking folk, but how could they? That's a terrible accent. I'm sorry. Fun facts about Gerald Wales include his remarkable persistence and ambition.

[00:31:10] Despite being passed over for the position of Bishop of St. David's multiple times, Gerald continued to write prolifically and travel extensively. His works cover not only Ireland, but also Wales, and they include descriptions of geography, folklore and the natural world.

[00:31:26] His ability to weave together observation, myth and political commentary makes his writings both entertaining and informative, albeit with a need for cautious interpretation. You can't take everything that he says with you got to take it with a grain of salt.

[00:31:38] Essentially, it's not if you read it, it's been more of a fun time, a bit more of a fun read because, you know, you're going to look at it and be like, oh, that's cool. But a lot of it's just again, it's what the Romans did.

[00:31:50] Just a bunch of needless. I guess I wouldn't have to say needless, but just a bunch of exaggerations really in topography. He put an ECA drugs vivid imagination and push on for storytelling come to the fore for a while.

[00:32:10] While his accounts provide a window into the medieval mindset and the perceptions of different cultures, they also reveal more about draw themself and the society represented.

[00:32:20] His works are a testament to the power of narrative in shaping historical and cultural understanding, illustrating how facts can be intertwined with fiction to serve broader social and political purposes.

[00:32:32] I really let the British and Welsh elite get away with a lot when it came to Ireland because everyone, everyone that read his accounts saw them as just a bunch of weird old horse fuckers. They were like, oh, that's weird. The way that they're fucking the horses.

[00:32:50] How do they? We must we must abolish them. We can't let other people be horse fucking. That's only for the British and Welsh elite. Damn it. We should be the only horse fuckers here. And that's essentially what happened.

[00:33:04] And then in the 11th century, we have the story of Count Gilemus. The Italian cleric and reformer Pietro Damiani recorded a peculiar and sensational story involving Count Gilemus in his treatise, De Bono Religio Si Status et Veriorium Animateiam Tropologia.

[00:33:31] According to Diomani, Count Gilemus' pet ape became romantically involved with the Count's wife, leading to the birth of a hybrid offspring. This narrative, while intriguing, is largely considered fictional and serves more as a moral tale than a factual account.

[00:33:47] But this is the first time that people are like, yeah, apes, apes can be fucking our wives and making babies. Damn it. So Damiani's account is filled with vivid details that would have shocked and entertained contemporaries.

[00:34:00] He claimed that the ape, driven by jealousy upon seeing the Count lying with his wife, attacked and killed the Count. And following this violent episode, the ape allegedly became the wife's lover, resulting in the birth of a hybrid creature.

[00:34:14] This offspring was reportedly shown to Damiani by Pope Alexander II, adding an extra layer of authority and intrigue to the story. However, such tales were often embellished or entirely fabricated to convey moral lessons or reflect their clerical concerns of the time.

[00:34:29] And it makes me wonder what the fucking clerical concern at the time was in Italy. Was there just a bunch of Italian women and traveling to the Amazon coming back with ape husbands? They're like, this man is for me. He's more manly than Pedro.

[00:34:48] Pedro's not manly enough. I need an ape man to take care of my pussy. Or was there a bunch of dudes just wanting some apes? What the fuck man? What was the concern? What was the concern? What's the reason for this story?

[00:35:05] So and so the story of Count Gilelius and the ape is a reflection of the medieval fascination with monstrous births in the boundaries between species. And during this period, tales of hybrid creatures were common and often used to illustrate the consequences of sin and moral corruption.

[00:35:24] Don't be getting too horny because if you do, you might get ripped by an ape and it's going to be real bad for you. Essentially, Damian's work, like many of his contemporaries, use such stories to underscore the dangers of moral decay and the need for religious reform.

[00:35:44] Italy was fucked in the damn 12th century. In the 11th century man. What the hell was happening? Everyone in Italy was banging animals against. No more bestiality. We can't be allowing this to happen. My wife just fucked a horse again and I can't compare to a horse.

[00:36:06] It's unfair. They have a biological advantage. Oh my God. Well, he was a priest so he didn't have a wife. But still, all the young choir boys that wanted to fuck at the horse. Oh man. Okay. Okay. Gonna chill out there.

[00:36:30] But again, this counts as a cautionary tale about the dangers of coming to base desires and the chaos that can result from breaking natural and divine laws. Even though the couple was married and the ape clearly just attacked and raped the account's wife after he killed the count.

[00:36:46] And the accounts wife was just super cool with that, I guess. Just like, yeah, fuck it. I'll have a baby with this thing. Maybe she just wanted to live, you know, and so she just kind of dealt with it.

[00:36:57] So clearly historians view Damiani's story with skepticism, saying that it was a part of a broader medieval genre of moralizing tales rather than a factual report.

[00:37:08] And according to historian Joyce E. Salisbury, such stories were not uncommon in medieval literature and were often used to explore themes of human animal boundaries and the consequences of transgressing social norms. Again, though, it's like she didn't the counts wife didn't even fucking cross any social norms.

[00:37:27] She kind of got forced into the situation after her husband was killed in front of her. That one just makes less sense to me. It's like what? So you bang your husband in front of an ape and you know, that's bad.

[00:37:40] You can't be having sex in front of other people. I don't know. And not expect to get killed or raped afterwards. Like what? What is what is the moral justification here? I don't understand.

[00:37:53] Salisbury notes that these narratives were a way for medieval writers to grapple with complex and moral. It's not that complex, though. So the Hughes exaggerated and fantastical elements to make their points. It was complex about not fucking an ape. What do you mean?

[00:38:20] So some of the some fun facts about the tale of count Gilemas include it's a it's placed within a larger tradition of medieval literature. There is a couple other accounts within here.

[00:38:33] The fascination can be seen in other medieval texts that describe similar hybrid creatures, often with a mix of horror and wonder. There's ones with, again, horses, ones with dogs, just a bunch of different ones I was able to find.

[00:38:46] And so but this is just one of the main ones. Pietro Damiani himself was a prominent figure in the church reform movement of the 11th century. He was known for his rigorous asceticism and his efforts to combat corruption within the clergy.

[00:38:59] His writings including the Bono Religiosi Stadis et Veriam and Amatiam, the Tripologia were aimed at promoting a strict moral code and highlighting the dangers of moral laxity.

[00:39:12] The story of Count Gilemas and the ape while fictional serve to illustrate the broader themes of his work and the moral imperatives of his time. Through this tale, Damiani sought to convey the importance of maintaining moral natural order.

[00:39:25] Again, don't be fucking the apes or the horses or the dogs. It's very, it's very wrong. It's very wrong. Okay. Using the dramatic and sensational and the sensational to capture the attention of his audience and underscores messages. Just a way to get to get noticed.

[00:39:43] And here we are finally to George Spencer of 1642. So, as I said last week in 1642, George Spencer, who was a laborer and living in the New Haven Colony in early colonial America, found himself at the center of a bizarre and tragic case of alleged bestiality.

[00:40:03] The colony, part of what is now Connecticut, was deeply influenced by puritanical laws and moral codes which were strictly enforced. Spencer, who had a physical deformity, was accused of having sexual relations with the sow after a deformed piglet was born.

[00:40:18] The piglet's unusual appearance, which reportedly included a malformed eye that resembled Spencer's, led to suspicion and eventually to formal charges against him. They're like, how dare you have sex? Clearly you had sex with that animal because of your fucked up eye and look at its eye.

[00:40:34] It's kind of fucked up too in a very similar way. And we all know that you are pig fucker, George. A little Georgie, a little pig fucker. And so the evidence against Spencer was circumstantial and heavily reliant on the physical resemblance between him and the pig.

[00:40:48] He was just fucking ugly. They wanted to kill him because he's ugly. This resemblance was seen as a sign of his guilt, reflecting a very deep superstitious and moral beliefs that were held at the time. So fucked up. You're an ugly motherfucker so we're going to kill you.

[00:41:07] Basically. And you don't believe in God and that's real bad. In such cases were not uncommon in the 17th century where unexplained deformities and animals were often attributed to human sin and moral corruption.

[00:41:18] Basically, if you were an ugly motherfucker and some animal that you lived nearby gave birth to a deformed looking animal, you were fucked. You could be accused of bestiality and probably killed.

[00:41:31] So the new haven authorities, adhering to strict Puritan code, took the matter seriously and Spencer was subjected to intense interrogation, which included cock and ball torture. And under the duress of these proceedings, he confessed to the crime after his balls were stepped on for about, you know,

[00:41:48] Good solid 20 minutes, which I would probably confess to honestly if I was put under enough CBT. So I totally understand. Confessions obtained under duress or threat were not unusual during this time, especially in cases involving moral and religious offenses.

[00:42:05] Spencer's confession likely coerced by the severe and intimidating questioning and CBT became the primary evidence used against him. The trial reflected the colony's strict adherence to biblical law, which condemned bestiality as a grievous sin punishable by death. They went old school Bible on him.

[00:42:24] The court proceedings were swift and Spencer was convicted based on his confession and the purported resemblance between him and the deformed pig. However, George Spencer would go back and forth.

[00:42:34] He would go back and forth and, you know, after agreeing to it, thinking he was going to get a lighter sentence and realizing he wasn't, he would recount his testimony, get tortured again, give out his testimony again.

[00:42:47] Recount it. It was a back and forth for a little bit and it was real fucked up. And the outcome of the trial was grim. George Spencer was sentenced to death by hanging, a common form of execution for serious crimes in the colonies.

[00:42:58] His execution was intended not only as punishment, but also as a stark warning to others about the consequences of moral transgressions. Spencer's case is a very sobering example of how superstition, fear and strict religious codes influenced justice in early colonial America.

[00:43:13] And really highlighted the harsh realities of life under Puritan rule, because Puritans were kind of assholes and any deviation from moral code would result in pretty much similar punishment. Death. You'd be killed.

[00:43:25] And so historians have viewed the case of George Spencer as emblematic of the period's legal moral framework.

[00:43:32] And according to historian John Demos and his book, Entertaining Satan, which crapped in the culture of early New England, such cases were part of a broader pattern of using legal proceedings to enforce community standards and religious orthodoxy. George Spencer did not fit into the religious orthodoxy.

[00:43:48] He was outcast right from the get go. The township that you move from had reportedly told the New Haven colony. The guy was unrepentant, not God fearing asshole and he wasn't good looking. So they probably just wanted to get rid of him.

[00:44:05] And so as soon as that piglet gave birth, they're like this guy is a known liar. Can't trust a word he says. I bet he fucked the pig.

[00:44:13] And bestiality is how we're going to get him because they probably going to get him on a lot of other things. In terms of getting him and killing him.

[00:44:19] And this execution of Spencer that was based on dubious evidence and of course confession illustrates the very precarious nature of justice in society governed by fear and sin and divine retribution. He would be eventually essentially granted clemency or granted a pardon by the governor of New England.

[00:44:41] But as we all know, he was technically convicted under colonial like colonial law and by a magistrate and under British rule. And so the idea that we came up with is we are going to send a legal

[00:45:08] document over to England to England and to one of the capitol houses basically petitioning for our pardon or for a post humus pardon. And here's the letter that my friend has come up with so far.

[00:45:30] So dear magistrate, I'm writing to formally petition for the post humus pardon for George Spencer who was wrongfully convicted and executed in 1642 in the New Haven colony. Then under British colonial jurisdiction.

[00:45:44] This petition is submitted in recognition and recognition of the miscarriage of justice that occurred and in pursuit of restoring the dignity and the legacy of George Spencer.

[00:45:51] George Spencer was born in date of birth not known currently in place of birth not known currently we believe England somewhere in 1620. He was convicted of bestiality and executed in New Haven colony for allegedly fathering a child with a sow.

[00:46:12] The conviction was based on the claim that the piglet born with physical deformities resembled Spencer. It has since come to light that such an accusation is biologically impossible as it is now scientifically proven that interspecies reproduction between a human and a pig is not possible.

[00:46:28] The primary grounds for the petition are new evidence, scientific advancements unequivocally demonstrate that it is biologically impossible for you for a human to father a child with a sow. This evidence invalidates the primary basis for George Spencer's conviction.

[00:46:42] The trial of George Spencer was based on superstitious beliefs and lacked any credible scientific or medical evidence. The legal standards at the time were not met resulting in a gross miscarriage of justice.

[00:46:54] At historical precedent there have been several cases where the British government has granted post humus pardons for historical wrongs such as the case of Derek Bentley and Alan Turing. George Spencer's case similarly warrants such a rectification. Included with this petition are the following supporting documents.

[00:47:12] Copies of the original court records and the trial transcripts from the New Haven colony, scientific reports and expert analysis detailing the biological impossibility of interspecies reproduction between humans and pigs. Statements from historians and legal experts affirming the wrongful nature of the conviction. Affidavits from descendants of relevant parties.

[00:47:30] Any other relevant documents have also been included. Given the compelling evidence George Spencer's innocence and the grave miscarriage of justice that occurred, I respectfully request that Her Majesty's government grant a post or His Majesty's government grant a post humus pardon to George Spencer.

[00:47:45] This act would not only rectify historical wrong but also reaffirm the commitment to justice and fairness. Thank you for considering this petition. I'm available for any further information or clarification needed. Yours sincerely. And I'm not going to read out his name. There you go guys.

[00:48:01] We have a letter that we're prepared to send. If anybody wants to you know I guess join in the petition and you know just like write in their own email of like what they think should be done here.

[00:48:14] We can include it in the long long list of papers that we are going to mail off to a magistrate's house in New England. So feel free to do that. We probably won't be done for like a month or two.

[00:48:27] I'll give updates if we ever get anything back or hear about it. So please write in with your own reasons why you think George Spencer should be pardoned by the British government specifically specifically.

[00:48:43] Specifically so and then not that long after George Spencer we actually have the case of Thomas Hogg in 1647. Thomas Hogg who is a resident of the New Haven Colony in early colonial America found himself embroiled in a scandalous and serious accusation of bestiality.

[00:49:02] The colony was also adhering to Peerton laws and moral moral codes while still was and they were shocked when two deformed piglets were born. And suspicion quickly fell upon Hogg. So after George Spencer was dead they're like well shit who else would be doing it.

[00:49:17] And the physical deformities of the piglets were perceived as a sign of unnatural acts and given this superstitious and religious mindset at the time Hogg was accused of having engaged in sexual relations with the South. They also just didn't like Hogg either.

[00:49:32] So the case against Hogg was largely based on circumstantial evidence and the unusual appearance of the piglets combined with the moral panic and fear of sin pervasive in the community led to his arrest and trial.

[00:49:43] And the Peerton's much like other New Haven Colony much like other colonies at the time viewed such acts as severe transgressions against both divine and natural law.

[00:49:53] And during his trial Hogg maintained his innocence and unlike George Spencer who had been executed for similar crime five years earlier Hogg did not confess to the charges. The lack of a confession and the nature of the evidence presented a dilemma for the authorities.

[00:50:08] The trial records indicate that the community and the court were deeply divided on the appropriate course of action. The absence of direct evidence in Hogg's refusal to admit guilt complicated the proceedings even with cock and ball torture man did not give in.

[00:50:20] He was like listen I did not have sex that big y'all fucking crazy and you guys can keep stepping on my balls if you want. So as a result the court decided on a punishment that was severe and severe yet stopped short of execution.

[00:50:36] Thomas Hogg was sentenced to be whipped and imprisoned and so they whipped and beat the shit out of him. And honestly based off of the fact that he didn't submit to the torture he probably enjoyed it a little bit.

[00:50:48] So this punishment was just intended to serve as both a deterrent to others and a means of maintaining public order and moral discipline. And hopefully stop themselves from having to form piglets damn it.

[00:51:00] Hogg's whipping was a public event designed to shame him and reinforce the community's strict here and superior to values. And so the imprisonment that followed was meant to further isolate him and serve as a prolonged reminder of his alleged transgressions.

[00:51:13] They're like listen you pig fucker I don't care if you say you're not a pig fucker you're a pig fucker. You're going to be in here until you do you realize what you did was wrong even though you never know you keep saying you didn't do it.

[00:51:26] God damn it.

[00:51:28] Again similar historians very similar to George Spencer's case to view this as a again just a way of New Haven colony to sort of subjugate some of his residents to these punishments and sort of clear out any bad bad eggs essentially out of their out of their group here.

[00:51:51] So unlike again unlike Spencer's case which in an execution hogs comparatively lighter sentence reflects a judicial system grappling with the complexities of evidence and confession.

[00:52:04] And this case illustrates the Puritan struggle to balance a religious deal with the practicalities of justice had a hard hard ass time dealing with that. Is you know that's just how Puritans are. You really want to get into it.

[00:52:21] Anyways one year later in 1648 Thomas Hogg would actually end up getting convicted of having sex after being caught in the middle of the act with having sex with a pig.

[00:52:31] He and there would be about five witnesses that say that he did it and he would hang for that. So however no picklets would be born out of the Union.

[00:52:42] The colonists were a little shocked being like okay so we caught him dead as having sex with the pig this time but the pig didn't have any weird looking babies these these babies came out normal and you know it just made them question a bunch of things.

[00:52:54] Just fucking with you. No no no no no he did not do that. Okay and then in the mid 19th century we have some speculations that were inspired by Darwin.

[00:53:04] The publication of Charles Darwin's groundbreaking work on the origin of species in 1859 revolutionized the scientific community and public understanding of biology. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection suggested that all species including human shared common ancestors.

[00:53:20] This radical idea led to intense speculation and debate about the nature of these evolutionary relationships particularly between humans and their closest relatives the great apes.

[00:53:29] While Darwin himself did not propose or condone the creation of human-ape hybrids his theories spurred public imagination and scientific curiosity about the possibilities of such species connections. And so the public reaction to Darwin's theories was incredibly mixed ranging from enthusiastic acceptance to vehemently self-reliance.

[00:53:47] Because God wouldn't allow that damn it. How dare you. Not to shit on your potatoes Darwin but did you forget about God? Shit like that going on basically. Among the many questions his work raised one that captured significant attention was whether humans could interbreed with other primates.

[00:54:05] This speculation was fueled by anatomical and genetic similarities Darwin highlighted between humans and apes. Victorian society already fascinated by the natural world and its mysteries began to wonder began to ponder the implications of such hybridization.

[00:54:19] Though no documented science I could say it fucking easily that time hybridization though no documented scientific attempts were made during this period. The mere possibility of human-ape hybrid sparked both curiosity and ethical concerns people didn't really want to be fucking apes.

[00:54:33] And so discussions within the scientific community reflected these diverse reactions. Some scientists entertained the theoretical feasibility of human-ape hybrids as a means to further understand evolutionary processes.

[00:54:43] For instance Thomas Huxley who was a staunch supporter of Darwin used comparative anatomy to argue for the close relationship between humans and apes. Reinforcing the idea that such hybridization was a result of the human-ape hybridization. Reinforcing the idea that such hybridization might be biologically plausible.

[00:55:05] However the lack of technological means and ethical considerations at the time prevented any actual experimentation. Though this would come out later that Thomas Huxley in a journal did in fact mate with a female ape.

[00:55:19] The ape however did crush his testicles during the act thus causing him to cum blood not regular semen. He would eventually need to have surgery, life-saving surgery, would no longer have balls afterwards either.

[00:55:31] And so these speculative discussions were more about exploring the limits of evolutionary theory rather than a serious proposals for creating hybrids especially after the incident. Anyone that believed that I'm sorry again I'm just having a good time here could you fucking imagine.

[00:55:51] However in the broader cultural context and Thomas Huxley did not have sex with a female ape. I'm just saying that now. The idea of human-ape hybrids appeared in literature and popular media often reflecting societal anxieties about evolution and its implications for human identity.

[00:56:09] For example the infamous monkey trial of 1925 where John Scopes was tried for teaching evolution in a Tennessee public school. Highlighted the ongoing critical cultural clash between evolutionary science and traditional religious beliefs.

[00:56:23] While this trial occurred decades after Darwin's initial publication it underscored the enduring controversy and fascination with the evolutionary relationship between us humans and apes.

[00:56:34] So and then historians like Adrian Desmond and James Moore in their comprehensive biography Darwin the life of a tormented evolutionist delve into the profound impact of Darwin's work. On the 19th century thought.

[00:56:47] They note that Darwin's theories fundamentally challenged the established views of human uniqueness and divine creation leading to both scientific inquiry and societal upheaval. The speculation about human-ape hybrids while not pursued scientifically at the time was part of the broader intellectual and cultural shift that Darwin's work would instigate.

[00:57:04] And would lead to in the 1920s with Ilya Ivanov. So in the early 1920s Soviet biologist Ilya Ivanov embarked on a controversial series of experiments aiming to create a human chimpanzee hybrid or the human Z. Ivanov an expert and expert in artificial insemination.

[00:57:23] And previously achieved success in creating hybrid animals such as the Z donk which is a cross between a zebra and a donkey encouraged by these successes and changes in the human species.

[00:57:34] And then the Soviet government's interest in using science to push the boundaries of human capability and challenge religious orthodoxy. Even of proposed experiments to inseminate female chimpanzees with human sperm.

[00:57:51] They just get a bunch of dudes jagging off into cylinders essentially and then even off from going and artificially inseminate the female chimpanzees pretty fucked up though.

[00:58:01] Even off's project received support and funding from the Soviet government which saw potential in the research to demonstrate the power of Soviet science to provide and to provide evidence for Darwinian evolution over religious explanations of human origins. In 1926 even off traveled to French Guinea to begin his experiments.

[00:58:24] Despite his extensive preparations the task proved challenging capturing and maintaining a sufficient number of chimpanzees as well as finding local women willing to participate in the experiments has proved to be significant obstacles.

[00:58:36] So it wasn't just female chimpanzees either it was also male chimpanzees sperm injecting them to human females. So the initial phase of the experience involved in submitting female chimpanzees with human sperm even off's hopes rested on the anatomical and genetic similarities between humans and chimpanzees.

[00:58:54] However all attempts to produce a viable pregnancy failed even off faced numerous logistical and ethical challenges including the difficulty of ensuring the health and safety of both the chimpanzees and the human participants.

[00:59:05] Despite these setbacks even off was undeterred and sought to continue his research in the Soviet Union where he believed he would have a better control over the experimental conditions. Back in the Soviet Union even off faced increasing scrutiny and opposition from both scientific community and the government.

[00:59:22] The ethical implications of his work combined with his its lack of success led to mounting criticism and the late 1920s political changes within the Soviet Union for the complicated even off situation with Joseph Stalin's and his family.

[00:59:34] The Soviet Union was a time of rapid development and the rise of power. There's a shift toward more conservative and pragmatic scientific agendas and even off's research was viewed as politically and scientifically untenable.

[00:59:45] And so 1930 even off was arrested during the political purges that targeted many intellectuals scientists and he was charged with involvement in anti Soviet activities and exiled to Kazakhstan where he continued to work on less controversial aspects of veterinary science until his death in 1932.

[01:00:02] The attempt to create the human chimpanzee hybrid ended in failure but his experiments remained a significant if controversial chapter in the history of genetics and evolutionary biology.

[01:00:12] Historians and scientists have since reflected on even off's work as a cautionary tale about the ethical boundaries of scientific research and according to Kirill Rosanov historian of science even off's experience were indicative of the periods broader ideological and scientific ambitions.

[01:00:27] But also highlighted the dangers of pushing ethical boundaries in pursuit of scientific knowledge because of how fucked up it was.

[01:00:35] There's a lot more detail I could go in about this guy but I don't want to be sitting here just explaining how some female chimpanzees were raped and potentially some islanders were raped. A bunch of different really fucked up shit went on with even off.

[01:00:53] So potentially some of it is hearsay so and that's yeah. In the 1960s however Chinese scientists embarked on the on an ambitious and ethically contentious project to create a human chimpanzee hybrid as well. Again being referred to here as the human Z.

[01:01:13] And the experience were conducted at a time when China was undergoing significant political and social upheaval. The Cultural Revolution which was initiated by Mao Zedong in 1966 sought to radically transform Chinese society. Promoting communist ideology and purging elements considered bourgeoisie or counter revolutionary.

[01:01:33] This period was marked by extreme social and political turbulence which had profound impacts on all aspects of life including scientific research. And despite the volatile environment the initial phase of the human Z experiment proceeded that reflected a bold albeit controversial pursuit of scientific knowledge that they had.

[01:01:50] The project faced numerous challenges from the outset maintaining a healthy and stable environment for the chimpanzees and ensuring the ethical treatment of both the animals and human participants were significant concerns.

[01:02:02] And moreover the technological and scientific limitations at the time made the process highly complex and fraught with difficulties. But highly complex it meant some dudes were out there fucking chimps and some chimps were out there fucking girls. So you know some females yeah.

[01:02:19] And despite these obstacles the scientists managed to inseminate a female chimpanzee with human sperm hoping to observe the development of a hybrid embryo. However because of the Cultural Revolution this severely disrupted a bunch of scientific activities across China.

[01:02:37] And many scientists and intellectuals were targeted and research institutions faced intense scrutiny and ideological purges as a result the human Z experiment was abruptly halted.

[01:02:48] The political climate made it impossible to continue such controversial research despite the fact that a chimpanzee was in fact officially inseminated like they did. They did get the get them pregnant.

[01:03:05] However the female chimpanzee that was inseminated died from neglect and lack of proper care during this period and effectively ended the experiment. However they were able to get a chimp pregnant with human sperm.

[01:03:20] So there is a possibility here that humans could essentially cross breed with chimps at the very least. Reflecting on these events however historians and ethicists have debated the motivations and implications of such experiments.

[01:03:36] Scholar Yan Baiyitou in his analysis of science during the Cultural Revolution notes that the human Z experiment exemplifies the extreme ambitions and ethical blind spots of that period scientific community. Yan's work highlight how political ideology and scientific curiosity can intersect often with troubling consequences.

[01:03:57] The Chinese experiments of the 1960s remain a very controversial chapter in the history of genetics and evolutionary biology. Illustrated a complex interplay between scientific ambition and ethical considerations and political context. And then in 2017 we have human pig chimeras.

[01:04:17] Scientists embarked on groundbreaking ethically charged experiments to create human chimeras. However this was just to grow human organs within animals for transplantation processes. The experiments were conducted by a team led by Dr. Juan Carlos Ispisua Belmonte at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California.

[01:04:39] The process involved injecting human pluripotent stem cells into pig embryos which were then allowed to develop in the laboratory. The rationale behind using pigs for this research lies in their physiological similarities to humans. Pigs are already used for various medical purposes such as heart valve transplants.

[01:04:57] Which is true, that was another option. I could have part of a pig heart take over part of my heart for the open heart surgery that I may have to get if I don't try to maintain my health by my 50s to 60s. Somewhere around there, we'll see.

[01:05:15] Due to the compatibility of their organs with human biology, so by creating chimeric embryos, embryos that contain cells from two different species, researchers hoped to direct the development of human cells into specific organs within the pig embryos.

[01:05:30] This technique could potentially lead to the growth of human compatible organs that are less likely to be projected by the recipient's immune system. The initial phase of the experiment involved creating over 2,000 pig embryos into which human cells were introduced.

[01:05:45] These chimeric embryos were then implanted into surrogate cells and allowed to develop for several weeks. The researchers monitored the development of these embryos closely focusing on how the human cells integrated and contributed to the formation of tissue tissues and organs within the pig embryos.

[01:06:03] The goal was to determine the feasibility of growing functional human organs in a controlled ethical manner. However, the research team faced significant ethical considerations and development of human animal chimeris raises profound questions about the moral status of such beings.

[01:06:17] The potential for unintended consequences and the humane treatment of the animals involved. To address these concerns, the embryos were terminated at an early stage of development typically around 28 days before the formation of complex organs or nervous systems. The abortion treatment.

[01:06:34] The approach was intended to balance the scientific goals of the research with ethical responsibilities. So ensuring that the embryos did not develop to a stage where they might experience pain or suffering, which is fair. They just wanted to see how human cells would interact there.

[01:06:49] And the outcome of these experiments provided very valuable insights into the potential and limitations of human animal chimeris. While the human cells were found to survive and integrate within the pig embryos, the level of integration was relatively low.

[01:07:04] This indicated that significant challenges remained in optimizing the conditions for human cell growth and differentiation between within a pig host. Nonetheless, the research represented a critical step forward in the quest to develop viable human organs for transplantation.

[01:07:21] Reflecting the implications of this research bioethicists and scientists have engaged in extensive discussions by the future of human animal chimeris research. According to Dr. David Resnick, a bioethicist at the National Institutes of Health, the creation of a chimeris poses very complex dilemmas that require careful consideration.

[01:07:41] Regulation emphasizes the importance of developing clear ethical guidelines to govern such research, balancing the potential benefits for human health with respect for animal welfare and moral concerns as well. And then 2019, we have some human monkey chimeris that start to take place.

[01:08:02] So and these ones again, they would stop well before the formation of complex structures such as the nervous system or organs. And the research would yield important findings.

[01:08:17] The integration of human cells into monkey embryos demonstrated that it is possible to create human primate chimeris, albeit with low efficiency. The human cell survived and began to differentiate within the embryos, but achieving high levels of integration and functional development remains a significant challenge still.

[01:08:34] We could in theory create actual human monkey chimeris. It is completely based off of this research and evidence that was done by this team. Human's ease are entirely possible. And that is where we are going to end today's episode. You blew it up, you animals, you ruined it.

[01:09:32] However, that goes from plan of the apes. So yeah, yeah, plan of the apes is in humanity's future if we so want it to be essentially.

[01:09:41] It may be a planet of human monkey hybrids, but it is entirely possible that that could be another step creating stronger, faster or smarter, essentially just chimps and monkeys.

[01:09:54] Or, you know, if you want to think about it that way, just creating stronger humans with like monkey-like strength essentially, but with the higher functioning thought and reason of a human brain. I mean, that's kind of nuts to think about. So yeah, there's that. That's fun.

[01:10:17] Super monkey-human hybrid soldiers. I'll be crazy. What do you guys think about today's episode? Did you find it fascinating, fun, boring? Let me know. Let me know if you're listening to this on YouTube.

[01:10:28] Tell me the comments or you can email me at historicalquarles at gmail.com and tell me your thoughts there or you can leave a review on Spotify or podcast. Next week we'll be diving back into some again just like kind of more normal quarrels in a way.

[01:10:45] Kind of like picking a war and going over that or picking over picking a battle or I might end up doing another true crime episode again. Eventually, I do eventually want to do an episode on fucking Jack the Ripper or something. That'd be cool. That'd be fun.

[01:11:05] But we'll see. Well, we'll see. I probably won't give too much extra detail than has already been given. I may give some funny takes on it though. That'll be interesting.

[01:11:16] Other than that, we have no no big announcements besides the fact that I guess Hard Homies podcast is now transitioned into essentially a improv team game between me and my buddies every Thursday now. So if you guys are into that, you can look forward to that every week.

[01:11:36] We just come up with like absurd scenarios and then try and get out of it using Dean like rolling D&D dice essentially. So it's a it's a good time. It's a it's a fun one.

[01:11:53] If you're into that, if you're into like improv D&D type humor, please check out Hard Homies podcast. I think you guys will enjoy it.

[01:12:01] I am going to be trying to make start trying to make more shorts and create like more of like video products for you guys on the on the channel. So be on the lookout for that hopefully in the next couple months.

[01:12:15] And then like I said a couple weeks ago, we will be getting new intros and outros here hopefully relatively soon. Other than that, though, I have a whole lot else. I'm recording this on Father's Day.

[01:12:27] Happy Father's Day to all you dads out there and all single mothers that have to play both roles. That can be really tough. Trust me, I grew up in a single parent household, so I get it.

[01:12:39] So yeah, no, if you hope you guys are doing good, I hope you guys are living life to the fullest and doing the whatever you can just as you know, keep yourself happy. Keep yourself going day to day. I love you all. You have a good one. Bye.